Another excellent, high quality article. It's good to have positive news. However I have just one qualm with the general picture painted by your thesis: you seem convinced that to get to net zero, we should follow what the IEA say which is basically that renewables and electricity storage (eg batteries) are all that is really required.

Having done quite a lot of scenario analysis, and witnessing the changes that have taken place - where the IEA have transitioned from the Sustainable Development Scenario in 2017 to the New Policies Scenario in 2018 and various others (now the Net Zero Emissions Scenario) there are always quite a few caveats and mostly, oil demand reduction is limited in some way.

Today, the NZE hinges on the fact that biofuels and bioenergy replace 30% of total energy use - up from about 11% mostly traditional biofuels in 2020.

This is impossible because land and water constraints are already limiting bioenergy production and will become only more restrictive as the planet heats. It is a baseless argument, designed only to sustain oil revenues and avoid a shift to hydrogen.

Hydrogen is the missing piece of the puzzle, and your recent article, Oman Is On Course To Overturn Its Oil Industry And Become A Renewables Giant, But Will They? and it's subtitle Can green hydrogen replace oil in the Middle East? I think alludes to this.